Click here to learn more about the invasiveness ranking system developed for Alaska
Unified Ecoregions of Alaska3
| Plant species (synonyms provided parenthetically) | Plant Species Code1 | Common name | Invasiveness2 | Pacific Maritime | Interior Boreal | Arctic-Alpine |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
  Achillea ptarmica |
ACPT | sneezeweed | 46 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Acroptilon repens† |
ACRE3 | Russian knapweed | 66 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Aegopodium podagraria |
AEPO | bishop's goutweed | 57 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Alchemilla mollis* |
ALMO12 | lady's mantle | 56 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Alchemilla monticola* |
ALMO4 | hairy lady's mantle | 56 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Alliaria petiolata |
ALPE4 | garlic mustard | 70 | Yes | ― | ― |
| Alnus glutinosa† |
ALGL2 | European alder | 61 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Alopecurus geniculatus |
ALGE2 | water foxtail | 49 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Alopecurus pratensis |
ALPR3 | meadow foxtail | 52 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Amaranthus retroflexus |
AMRE | redroot pigweed | 45 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Anthemis cotula |
ANCO2 | mayweed chamomile | 41 | Yes | Yes | ― |
| Arctium minus |
ARMI2 | common burdock | 49 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Brachypodium sylvaticum† |
BRSY | false slender brome | 70 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Brassica napus |
BRNA | rapeseed mustard | 47 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Brassica rapa |
BRRA | birdsrape mustard | 50 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Bromus inermis ssp. inermis |
BRINI | smooth brome | 62 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Bromus tectorum |
BRTE | cheatgrass | 78 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Campanula rapunculoides |
CARA | rampion bellflower | 64 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Capsella bursa-pastoris |
CABU2 | shepherd's purse | 40 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Caragana arborescens |
CAAR18 | Siberian peashrub | 74 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Carduus acanthoides*† |
CAAC | plumeless thistle | 61 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Carduus nutans*† |
CANU4 | musk thistle | 61 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Carduus pycnocephalus*† |
CAPY2 | Italian thistle | 61 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Carduus tenuiflorus*† |
CATE2 | slender-flowered thistle | 61 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Centaurea montana |
CEMO | perennial cornflower | 46 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Centaurea solstitialis*** | CESO3 | yellow star-thistle | ||||
| Centaurea stoebe |
CEST8 | spotted knapweed | 86 | Yes | Yes | ― |
| Cerastium fontanum ssp. vulgare* |
CEFOV2 | big chickweed | 36 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Cerastium glomeratum* |
CEGL2 | sticky chickweed | 36 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Chenopodium album |
CHALA | lambsquarters | 37 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Cirsium arvense |
CIAR4 | Canada thistle | 76 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Cirsium vulgare |
CIVU | bull thistle | 61 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Convolvulus arvensis |
COAR4 | field bindweed | 56 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Coronilla varia |
COVA2 | crownvetch | 68 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Cotula coronopifolia |
COCO7 | common brassbuttons | 42 | Yes | ― | ― |
| Crepis tectorum |
CRTE3 | narrowleaf hawksbeard | 56 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Crupina vulgaris*** | CRVU2 | common crupina | ||||
| Cytisus scoparius |
CYSC4 | Scotch broom | 69 | Yes | ― | ― |
| Dactylis glomerata |
DAGL | orchardgrass | 53 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Deschampsia elongata |
DEEL | slender hairgrass | 35 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Descurainia sophia |
DESO2 | herb sophia | 41 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Digitalis purpurea |
DIPU | purple foxglove | 51 | Yes | Yes | ― |
| Elodea canadensis |
ELCA7 | Canadian waterweed | 79 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Elymus repens |
ELRE4 | quackgrass | 59 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Elymus sibiricus |
ELSI | Siberian wildrye | 53 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Euphorbia esula |
EUES | leafy spurge | 84 | Yes | Yes | ― |
| Euphrasia nemorosa |
EUNE3 | common eyebright | 42 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Fallopia ×bohemica* (Polygonum xbohemicum) |
POBO10 | Bohemian knotweed | 87 | Yes | Yes | ― |
| Fallopia convolvulus (Polygonum convolvulus) |
FACO | black bindweed | 50 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Fallopia japonica* (Polygonum cuspidatum) |
FAJA2 | Japanese knotweed | 87 | Yes | Yes | ― |
| Fallopia sachalinensis* (Polygonum sachalinensis) |
FASA3 | giant knotweed | 87 | Yes | Yes | ― |
| Galeopsis bifida* |
GABI3 | splitlip hempnettle | 50 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Galeopsis tetrahit* |
GATE2 | brittlestem hempnettle | 50 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Geranium robertianum |
GERO | herb Robert | 67 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Glechoma hederacea |
GLHE2 | ground ivy | 48 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Gypsophila paniculata |
GYPA | baby's-breath | 57 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Hedera helix |
HEHE | English ivy | 73 | Yes | ― | ― |
| Heracleum mantegazzianum |
HEMA17 | giant hogweed | 81 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Hesperis matronalis |
HEMA3 | dames rocket | 41 | Yes | Yes | ― |
| Hieracium aurantiacum* |
HIAU | orange hawkweed | 79 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Hieracium caespitosum* |
HICA10 | meadow hawkweed | 79 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Hieracium lachenalii |
HILA8 | common hawkweed | 57 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Hieracium pilosella |
HIPIP | mouse-ear hawkweed | 63 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Hieracium umbellatum |
HIUM | narrowleaf hawkweed | 51 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Holcus lanatus |
HOLA | common velvetgrass | 56 | Yes | ― | ― |
| Hordeum jubatum |
HOJU | foxtail barley | 63 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Hordeum murinum ssp. leporinum |
HOMUL | leporinum barley | 60 | ― | Yes | ― |
| Hordeum vulgare |
HOVU | common barley | 39 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Hydrilla verticillata† |
HYVE3 | hydrilla | 80 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Hypericum perforatum |
HYPE | common St. Johnswort | 52 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Hypochaeris radicata |
HYRA3 | hairy catsear | 44 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Ilex aquifolium |
ILAQ80 | English holly | 67 | Yes | ― | ― |
| Impatiens glandulifera |
IMGL | ornamental jewelweed | 82 | Yes | Yes | ― |
| Iris pseudacorus |
IRPS | yellowflag iris | 66 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Lamium album |
LAAL | white deadnettle | 40 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Lappula squarrosa |
LASQ | European stickseed | 44 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Lapsana communis |
LACO3 | nipplewort | 33 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Leontodon autumnalis |
LEAU2 | fall dandelion | 51 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Lepidium densiflorum |
LEDE | common pepperweed | 25 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Lepidium latifolium |
LELA2 | broadleaved pepperweed | 71 | ― | Yes | Yes |
| Leucanthemum vulgare |
LEVU | oxeye daisy | 61 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Linaria dalmatica |
LIDA | Dalmatian toadflax | 58 | ― | Yes | ― |
| Linaria vulgaris |
LIVU2 | yellow toadflax | 69 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Lolium multiflorum (Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorum) |
LOMU | Italian ryegrass | 41 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Lolium perenne (Lolium perenne ssp. perenne) |
LOPE | perennial ryegrass | 52 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Lonicera tatarica |
LOTA | Tatarian honeysuckle | 66 | Yes | Yes | ― |
| Lotus corniculatus |
LOCO6 | birdsfoot trefoil | 65 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Lupinus polyphyllus** |
LUPOP4 | bigleaf lupine | 71 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Lythrum salicaria* |
LYSA2 | purple loosestrife | 84 | ― | Yes | ― |
| Lythrum virgatum* |
LYVI3 | European wand loosestrife | 84 | ― | Yes | ― |
| Matricaria discoidea |
MADI6 | pineappleweed | 32 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Medicago lupulina |
MELU | black medick | 48 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Medicago sativa ssp. falcata |
MESAF | yellow alfalfa | 64 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Medicago sativa ssp. sativa |
MESAS | alfalfa | 59 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Melilotus alba |
MEAL12 | white sweetclover | 81 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Melilotus officinalis |
MEOF | yellow sweetclover | 69 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Mentha ×piperita* |
MEPI | peppermint | 43 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Mentha spicata* |
MESP3 | spearmint | 43 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Mycelis muralis |
MYMU | wall lettuce | 31 | Yes | ― | ― |
| Myosotis scorpioides |
MYSC | European forget-me-not | 54 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Myriophyllum spicatum |
MYSP2 | Eurasian watermilfoil | 90 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Nymphaea odorata ssp. odorata |
NYODO | American white waterlily | 80 | Yes | ― | ― |
| Papaver croceum |
PACR80 | Icelandic poppy | 39 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Persicaria lapathifolia* (Polygonum lapathifolium) |
PELA22 | curlytop knotweed | 47 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Persicaria maculosa* (Polygonum persicaria) |
PEMA24 | spotted ladysthumb | 47 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Persicaria wallichii (Polygonum polystachyum) |
POPO5 | Himalayan knotweed | 80 | Yes | ― | ― |
| Phalaris arundinacea |
PHAR3 | reed canarygrass | 83 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Phleum pratense |
PHPR3 | timothy | 54 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Phragmites australis |
PHAU7 | common reed | 83 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Plantago major |
PLMA2 | common plantain | 44 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Poa annua |
POAN | annual bluegrass | 46 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Poa compressa |
POCO | Canada bluegrass | 39 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Poa pratensis ssp. irrigata* |
POPR | spreading bluegrass | 52 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Poa pratensis ssp. pratensis* |
POPR | Kentucky bluegrass | 52 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Poa trivialis* |
POTR2 | rough bluegrass | 52 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Polygonum aviculare |
POAV | prostrate knotweed | 45 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Potentilla recta† |
PORE5 | sulfur cinquefoil | 57 | Yes | Yes | ― |
| Prunus padus |
PRPA5 | European bird cherry | 74 | Yes | Yes | ― |
| Prunus virginiana |
PRVI | chokecherry | 74 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Ranunculus acris* |
RAAC3 | tall buttercup | 54 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Ranunculus repens* |
RARE3 | creeping buttercup | 54 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Rosa rugosa |
RORU | rugosa rose | 72 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Rubus discolor |
RUDI2 | Himalayan blackberry | 77 | Yes | ― | ― |
| Rumex acetosella |
RUAC3 | common sheep sorrel | 51 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Rumex crispus* |
RUCR | curly dock | 48 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Rumex longifolius* |
RULO2 | dooryard dock | 48 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Rumex obtusifolius* |
RUOB | bitter dock | 48 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Sagina procumbens |
SAPR | birdseye pearlwort | 39 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Saponaria officinalis |
SAOF4 | bouncingbet | 34 | Yes | Yes | ― |
| Schedonorus arundinaceus |
SCPH | tall fescue | 63 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Senecio jacobaea |
SEJA | tansy ragwort | 63 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Senecio sylvaticus |
SESY | woodland ragwort | 41 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Senecio vulgaris |
SEVU | common groundsel | 36 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Silene chalcedonica |
LYCH3 | Maltese cross | 42 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Silene dioica* |
SIDI4 | red catchfly | 42 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Silene latifolia* |
SILA21 | white cockle | 42 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Silene noctiflora* |
SINO | nightflowering silene | 42 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Silene vulgaris* |
SIVU | bladder campion | 42 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Sonchus arvensis |
SOAR2 | perennial sowthistle | 73 | Yes | Yes | ― |
| Sonchus asper |
SOAS | spiny sowthistle | 46 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Sonchus oleraceus |
SOOL | annual sowthistle | 46 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Sorbus aucuparia |
SOAU | European mountain ash | 59 | Yes | ― | ― |
| Spartina alterniflora*† |
SPAL | smooth cordgrass | 86 | Yes | ― | ― |
| Spartina anglica*† |
SPAN5 | common cordgrass | 86 | Yes | ― | ― |
| Spartina densiflora*† |
SPDE2 | denseflower cordgrass | 86 | Yes | ― | ― |
| Spartina patens*† |
SPPA | saltmeadow cordgrass | 86 | Yes | ― | ― |
| Spergula arvensis |
SPAR | corn spurry | 32 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Spergularia rubra |
SPRU | red sandspurry | 34 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Stellaria media (non-seabird sites) |
STME2 | common chickweed | 42 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Stellaria media (seabird colonies) |
STME2 | common chickweed | 54 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Symphytum officinale |
SYOF | common comfrey | 48 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Tanacetum vulgare |
TAVU | common tansy | 60 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Taraxacum officinale(Taraxacum officinale ssp. officinale) |
TAOF | common dandelion | 58 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Thlaspi arvense |
THAR5 | field pennycress | 42 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Tragopogon dubius |
TRDU | yellow salsify | 50 | Yes | Yes | ― |
| Trifolium dubium |
TRDU2 | suckling clover | 50 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Trifolium hybridum |
TRHY | alsike clover | 57 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Trifolium pratense |
TRPR2 | red clover | 53 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Trifolium repens |
TRRE3 | white clover | 59 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Tripleurospermum inodorum |
TRIN11 | scentless chamomile | 48 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Verbascum thapsus |
VETH | common mullein | 52 | Yes | Yes | ― |
| Veronica serpyllifolia ssp. serpyllifolia |
VESES | thymeleaf speedwell | 36 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Vicia cracca ssp. cracca (Vicia cracca) |
VICRC | bird vetch | 73 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Vicia villosa |
VIVI | winter vetch | 53 | Yes | Yes | ― |
| Viola tricolor |
VITR | johnny jumpup | 34 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Zostera japonica† |
ZOJA2 | dwarf eelgrass | 53 | Yes | Yes | ― |
| Table modified from Nawrocki et al. 2011. Invasiveness ranking system of 50 non-native plants for Alaska. Report prepared for Alaska Association of Conservation Districts. 38 pp. | ||||||
| † Species not known from Alaska or neighboring Canadian Territories (per AKEPIC and ALA Herbarium databases as of February 2012) | ||||||
| * Congeneric species ranked together | ||||||
| ** the native status of Hordeum jubatum and Lupinus polyphyllus is debated | ||||||
| ***Centaurea solstitialis and Crupina vulgaris were rejected from consideration in the climate screening phase | ||||||
| 1 Plant Species Code taken from http://plants.usda.gov/java/ | ||||||
| 2 Invasiveness Scores (Carlson et al. 2008) | ||||||
| >80 = Extremely Invasive | ||||||
| 70-79 = Highly Invasive | ||||||
| 60-69 = Moderately Invasive | ||||||
| 50-59 = Modestly Invasive | ||||||
| 40-49 = Weakly Invasive | ||||||
| < 40 = Very Weakly Invasive | ||||||
| 3 Unified Ecoregions of Alaska (Nowacki et al. 2001) | ||||||
| Yes = present or high probability of establishing in the ecoregion | ||||||
| – = absent and low probability of establishment | ||||||
Download list of ranked non-native plant species in Alaska (.xls)
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